Keyboard controlled photographic recorder



Dec. 2, 1941. J. w. BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLD PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER v 14sheets-'sheet 1 Filed Nov. `l, 1939 Y www NTOR BY 2 ATTO RN EY 5KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER ATToRNEY 5 Dec. 2, 1941. J. w.BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER Filed Nov. 1, 1959 14Sheets-Sheet 5 www #www

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INVENTOR I BY l j ATTORNEY 6 Dec. 2, 1941.v J. w. BRYCEy KEYBOARDCONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER Filed Nov'. 1, 1939 Manaus-sheet 4lllllilllllllIIH` Dec. 2, 1941.

J. W. BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLRD PHOTOGRAPHIG RECORDER Filed NOV. l, 1939FIGB.

14 Sheets-Sheet 5 E g l 4 El 27 INVENTO /uk W 6c.

ATTORNEY? Dec. 2, 1941*. J. w. BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHICRECORDER Filed Nov, l, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 6 .amfQL RSN ATTORNEY 6 Dec.2, 1941. 1 w BRYCE 2,264,615

KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHC RECORDER Filed NOV. l, 1959 14Sheets-Sheet '7 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEYJ Dec. 2, 1941. 1 W, BRYCE 2,264,615

KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHC RECORDER Filed Nov. l, 1939 14Sheets-Shea?l 8 7 ATToRNEY IGBQ.

Dec. 2, 1941. J. W. BRYCE u 2,264,615

KEYBOARD coNTRoLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER Filed Nov. 1, 1939 14sheds-sheet 9 257 FIGSQ.

218) 51.17 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Dec.Y 2, 1941.

J. W. BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER Filed NOV. l, 195914 Sheets-Sheet 10 wil,

Dec. 2, 1941.v

KEYBOARD J. W. BRYCE CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER Filed Nov. l, 193914 Sheets-Sheet 11 FIG. 19a

FIG. 1gb

FIG. 19C

ATTORNEYS Dec. 2, g. J, W BRYCE 2,264,615

KEYBOARD GONTBQLLED PHOTOGRAPHC RECORDER Filed Nov.l l, 1939 14Sheets-Sheet 12 277 lNVENTOR F16. 20a F/aeob F16. 19C f/ aL ATTORNEYDec.`2, 1941'. J. w. BRYCE 2,254,615'

' KEYBOARD coNTRoLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER v Filed Nov. 1, 1959 14Sheets-sheet '13l gjm/RWM 25a 256 E.55/ f INVENTOR ATTORNEYS 2, 1941. J.w. BRYCE KEYBOARD CONTROLLED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDER 14 sheets-sheet 14Filed Nov. 1, 1939 INVENTOR M ca BY M fwd/wm ATTORNEY 5 Patented Dec. 2,1941 i l 2,264,615 KEYBOARD coNTRoLLED PnoToGRA'Pmd RECORDER g g p JamesW. Bryce,` Glen Ridge,`` N. J., asslgnor to InternationaiBusinessMaohineszcorporatiom y Y I New York,y N. Y., 1a corporation 'of NewYorlgua. Application November@V f193ii5fSerial'iNo.3023356 1o o1amsf-fictus- 23) This invention relates to a keyboard controlled@ 1 -which isomitted vin Fig. '1. Certain cover parts recording machine intended foruse ingllieuof af are shown broken away in the ligure. typewrten Fig. 2ais a detail sectional view taken on the This inventionhas for itsgeneral object the line 2a-2a of Fig.2; provision of a recording machineadapted for y Fig. 3 ls a left end elevational view of the combothspeedy and noiseless operation. bined keyboard and camera unit taken online A further object resides in the provision of a 3-3 0f Fig. 1 andincluding the portion which is machine adapted to provide an extremelycomomitted in Fig.v 1. In this View, Certain door pact record in lmform, such lmrecord may parts are shown broken away to show the conberead-ily reproduced in original or enlarged size. l0 struction withinthe camera unit.

A further object of the present invention re- Fig. 3al is a sectionalview `taken on line 3a-3a sides in the provision of a novel recordingsys- Of Fig. 1 showing details Of the Carriage return tem and set ofunits to enable one set of pattern Cluteh end ACOIirrllli'fitOl Clutchmechanism; component emitters to be used with a plurality Fig. 4 is asection view taken approximately 0n of camera recording units.Furthermore, asingle line 4 4 0f Fig. 2 and Shows details of thecamkeyboard may be used for controlling a plurality era Darts in therecording unit;

of camera recording units or an individual key- Fig. 5 iS a detailSectional view taken on line board may be provided for each camerarecord- 5-5 of Fig.` 4 ShOWing details of the iilm feeding ing unit. Thecamera recording may be remote mechanism;

from the controlling keyboards and also remote Fig. 6 iS a detailisOmetric View of the lm from the pattern component emitters. gate;

A further object of the present invention re- Fig. 7 iS a detail VieW 0fthe gate taken 0n line sides in the provision of novel means forenabling 7 7 0f Fig. 5; recording of upper or lower case. Fig. 8 is adetail sectional View of the index Otherwise stated novel means areprovided to mechanism drive and is taken on line 8--8 of enable acharacter to be recorded in varying Fig- 5;

sizes, il e.y large or smalL Fig. 9 is a. plan View 0f the keyboard unitWith A further object of the present invention re.. Certain portions Cutaway t0 ShOW details 0f C011- sides in the provision of a recordingapparatus struction;

adapted for keyboard control wherein the key- Fig. 10 iS a Sideelevational View taken on line board `action is such that the minimum ofex- Ill-I0 of Fig. 9 Showing details of the keyboard ertion is requiredof an operator. unit;

Further and other objects of the present in- Fig. 11 is a detailsectional view taken on line vention will be hereinafter set forth inthe ac- --ll 0f Fig- 10 `and ShOWS details 0f the key companyingspecication and claims and shown interOCkS and COIltaCt COIirOllingmechanism; in the drawings which show by way of illustra- Fig. 12 is atop plan View of a pattern comtion a preferred embodiment and theprinciple ponent emitter unit and commutator unit with thereof and whatI now consider to be the best the parts of the cover broken away to showthe Inode in which I have contemplated of applying construction;

that principle. Oth'er embodiments of the in- 40 Fig. 13 is a detailsectional view of one of the vention employing the same or equivalentprincipattern component emitters, the section being ple may be used andstructural changes made as taken on line |3-I3 of Fig. 12;

desired by those skilled in the art Without de- Fig. 14 is an endelevational View taken subparting from the present invention and withinstantially on line |4I4 of Fig. 13; the spirit of the appended claims.Fig. 15 is a partial side elevational View of the In the drawings:pattern component emitter and commutator unit Figure 1 is a front viewof a combined keyof Fig. 12 taken on line I5|5 of Fig. 12; board andrecording means with a portion of the Fig. A15a iS a detail View 0f afragment 0f One keyboard unit omitted as indicated by the dotted of thecommutators showing a pair of brushes outline; cooperating therewith;

Fig. 1a is a detail view taken on the line Ia-I Fig. 16 is a detail Viewshowing a graphical layof Fig. l but with the parts in shifted relation;out of the character t;

Fig. 2 is a right end elevational view of a com- Fig. 17 is a detaillayout of the pattern combined keyboard and camera recording unit takenponent emitter and commutator for the characon line 2 2 of Fig. 1 andincluding the portion 55 ter ii Figs. 18a to 18h, inclusive, are layoutsfor certain other characters;

Figs. 19a. 19h and 19e taken together and arranged as shown in Fig. 19dshow the circuit diagram of a complete recording apparatus;

Fig. 19d is a schematical layout of the circuit diagram in Figs. 19a to19e;

Figs. 20a, 20h and 19e taken together and arranged as shown. in Fig.20d. show a circuit diagram of a modiecl. embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 20d is a schematic layout of the circuit diagram which includesFigs. 20a, 20h and 19e;

Fig. 21 is a schematic layout of a complete recording apparatusembodying a pattern component emitter unit, a single keyboard unit and asingle camera recording unit;

Fig. 22 is a schematic layout of a system including a pattern componentemitter unit, a plurality of keyboard units with a camera recording unitfor each keyboard; and

Fig. 23 is a schematic layout of a system wherein one keyboard unitcontrols recording by a plurality of camera recording units.

General Before describing the apparatus in detail, it may be stated thatthe apparatus comprises three main groups of units or sections, viz. apattern component emitter section or unit, a keyboard section or unitand a camera recording section or unit. Each camera recording unitincludes a reel of photographic film which is escaped laterally step bystep and adapted for advance in the direction of its length line by lineunder the control of an escapement and iilm feeding mechanism. A cathoderay tube is provided on which characters are displayed one by one insuccession. As each character is displayed, the usual shutter and lensexposes a portion of the film and photographs the `displayed character.Which character is displayed by the cathode ray tube depends upon whichkey of the keyboard is depressed. The keyboard comprises another unit orsection of the machine and each keyboard is intermediate the cathode raytube of the camera recording unit and a source of character congurationdetermining devices which are termed pattern component emitters. One ofsuch emitters is provided for each different character and the keys ofthe keyboard control switches which are adapted to connect the patterncomponent emitter related to the depresed key to the cathode ray tube.

By the use of the foregoing instrumentalities a typewriter substitute isprovided which has desirable characteristics not heretofore obtainedwith usual typewriter constructions. The key action is simple and it isextremely light in action. Standard order and arrangement of keys isretained. The recording action is substantially noiseless withoutsacrice of speed. The photograph record is extremely compact but it mayreadily be enlarged and any number of duplicate copies obtained eitheras enlargements or in their original size.

The components and devices utilized further lend themselves to remotecontrol of one unit from another unit. For example, the keyboard doesnot have to be in juxtaposition to the recording unit or the emittervNor do these last two units have to be in juxtaposition.

It is further possible to so relate the units that one keyboard maycontrol a plurality of recording units when duplicates are desired to bemade concurrently. Also a character component emit ter unit or sectionmay be common to a plurality oi keyboards and lrecord-ing units. Thissim'ples the construction and reduces the cost in large installations.Provision is also made for recording characters selectively in upper orlower case and characters may also be recorded with a common outline,but in smaller or larger size. The basic principles of the system lendthemselves to character changes by only changing the pattern componentemitter section and the key caps. Characters of special form such as forchemical mathematical and foreign languages may be readily obtained oradded as desired.

Keyboard 'unit The general structure of a keyboard unit is disclosed inFigs. 9. 10 and 11. The keyboard unit as shown in Fig. 9 comprises sideframes I0 which are integral with a front piece Illa. Mounted betweenthe side frames I0 is a back plate II (see Figs. 9 and 10). Suitablyfastened to the back plate II is a key supporting member I2. Pivoted tothe member I2 are a plurality of key levers I3. Each key lever I3 isprovided with a suitably lettered key cap 20. Each key lever I3 hasconnected to it a pull rod I4 fastened to a bell crank I5 provided withan insulated roller I6. The depression of any key is adapted to close arelated set of contacts I1, I8 and I9, which are disposed directly abovethe insulated roller I6. Each contact combination I'I, I8, I9 is made upof two individual contact blades. Accordingly, upon the depression ofany key corresponding pairs of contacts will close and each contact pairwill complete an individual circuit. The keys I3, with a few exceptionsare provided with notched extensions 25v (see Fig. 10). The exceptionsare the two key levers which extend to space bar 2 I, the carriagereturn key provided with cap 20GB., the line space key with cap 2IILS,and capital key 200A. Disposed beneath the notched extensions 25 is alocking bar 2E (see Fig. 10) which extends under all the key levers asshown in Fig. 9. The locking bar is suitably pivoted tor the base 21 andis spring urged to the right by a spring 28 (Fig. 10). Depression of anykey carrying an extension portion 25 will rock locking bar 26anti-clockwise until the notch 25a is under the upper portion of lockingbar 26. Locking bar 26 will then return under the action of spring 28 ina. clockwise direction and lock the key in a down position. Bar 26 isconnected by means of a link 29 and rocker arm 30 to a solenoid 3|. Uponenergization of solenoid 3| the bar 26 is rocked anticlockwise and thekey is released to move upwardly under action of compression spring 32.Disposed beneath certain of the keys I3 is a bail 33 fastened to two endframes 34 as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. These end frames are suitablypivoted to a cross member 35.

Depression of any key under which the bar 33 extends will pull down thelinks 36 and 36a. to close bail contact 36h and open bail contact 36a.To prevent depression of more than one key at a time, the extensions 24are interposed between banjo locks 31 (Fig. 11). These locks are soplaced that with any key depressed, all available space between them isutilized whereby concurrent depression of two keys is prevented. Thespace bar 2l which is fastened to the extreme right-hand key lever asviewed in Fig. 9 and the second key lever from the left in the same gureis adapted to close only a single set of contacts such as contacts I1 inFig. 10. The function of these contacts will be further explained in thedescription of the circuit diagram. Similarly the capital key 280A, linespace key 20LS and carriage return key 2|ICR are adapted to close but asingle set of contacts. Further reference will be made to these contactsin connection with the description of the circuit diagram.

Recording unit In general the recording unit comprises a camera assembly4|, an escapement mechanism generally designated 42. a motor |22 with adrive This frame is shaped so as to be adapted to rest v upon the backportion of the keyboard unit and may be fastened thereto by screws 39.If desired the recording unit may be located remote from the keyboardunit and connected thereto merely by wires. AIn such case-the screws 39are removed to permit disconnection of the two units. Blocks 38a providefor alignment between the frame 38 of the keyboard and the base 21 ofthe recording unit. The character to be recorded is depicted by thecathode ray tube 40. 'Ihis character is then photographed on I'ilm bymeans of the camera unit 4|. The escapement mechanism in a manner to bedescribed. later, provides for spacing the film from one characterspacel to the next after recording each character.

The camera 4| (Fig. 2) comprises a front plate 41 secured as shown tobrackets 41a which are aiiixed to the base 38. A removable cover 41b issecured as shown in Fig. 5 to the plate 41 by means of knurled screws41e. The plate 41 carries a holding plate 41d (Fig. 5). It will beappreciated that with the parts 41, 41h, 41o, 41d in the relation shownin Fig. 5, the interior of the camera is thus made light tight. Topermit insertion and removal of film, the cover 41h is provided with ahinged door 43 (see Fig. 3). This is securely fastened in closedposition by means of thumb screws 44. The door when closed is lighttight to prevent entrance of any light into the interior of the camera(see Fig. 4).

The camera comprises a lens 45 (Fig. 5) and shutter mechanism 46fastened to the front plate 41 of the camera unit. Also fastened tofront plate 41 is a left end plate 48 and a right end plate 49, asviewed in Fig. 4. Mounted on the plate 48 is a shutter trip solenoid 50(see also Fig. 2). Upon energization of this solenoid, a movable bracket5| is moved upwardly as viewed in Fig. 2 against the action of spring52. The bracket 5| carries an extension 53 adapted to trip the lever 46aof shutter 46 when solenoid 50 is energized. The film 23 traverses thepath indicated in Fig. 5 as follows: Film 23 extends from supply roll 24over rods 56a, 56h and under sprocket 51 to form a large loop beforeentering the gate 58. Film 23 then extends from the gate 58 into anotherloop under rods 59a, 59h

. and over sprocket 60 to a take-up spool 6I.

Take-up spool 6|A is mounted on shaft 62a and fastened thereto in theusual manner (see Fig. 3). The film feeding mechanism is driven asfollows: The sprockets 51 (Fig. 5) are driven from a shaft 62 (see alsoFig. 2) which extends through the plate 48 and which connects with aratchet 63. This ratchet is rotated clockwise upon the return movementof pawl 64 under control of solenoid 65. Solenoid 65 when energizedmoves the bracket 6B to the left as vviewed -in Fig. 2 carrying the pawl64 with it. Upon deenerglzation of 65 and upon return movement of 66,under the action of spring 61, the pawl 84 engages a tooth of ratchet 63to move it clockwise one ratchet tooth position. Shaft 62 has fixedthereon a gear 68a which, through an idler 68h. drives gear 98e andthrough another idler 68d, drives gear 68e. Gear 68e is fastened toshaft 69 (see Fig. 5) which carries the film feeding sprockets 60. Gear68o is fastened to shaft 10 which carries the lm feeding sprockets 1I.The shaft 19 (see Fig. 4) is journaled in side plates 48 and 49. Betweenthe side plates the square is in cross-section to slidably receive thegate assembly 58. The square shaft passes through bearing bushings 12(Figs. 6 and 7) which are rotatable in the gate structure andintermediate the bushings 12 there is a sleeve 13 which carries thesprockets 1|. Sleeve 13 has a square hole through it so as to permit itto slide along the shaft and be driven by rotation of the shaft.Extensions 58a of the gate structure 58 restrict the movement ofsprockets 1|. It will be mentioned later how the gate 58 is shifted tothe left or right on the shaft 10 as viewed in Fig. 6. With this squaredriving connection between shaft 10 and sprockets 1|, the sprockets arefree to move sideways upon the shaft but will be rotated upon rotationof the shaft under control of gear 68e. Fastened to gear 68e is a pulley15 which, through belt 15 and pulley 11, drives the shaft 62a to whichis aflixed the take-up spool 6| (see Fig. 2).

summarizing the action thus far, leach energization and subsequentde-energization of magnet 65 effects a, forward step of rotation ofratchet 63. Ratchet 63 by gearing 68a, 68h, 68e, etc. (Fig. 2), rotatessprockets 51, 1| and 60 to feed the lm from the supply spool 24 totake-up spool 6| (Fig. 5). To the right of plate 49 as viewed in Fig. 4and below 49 as viewed in Fig. 5 is a spur gear fastened to shaft 69.Gear 80 drives another spur gear 8| which in turn is fastened to bevelgear 82. 82 drives another; bevel gear 83 which is fast to the shaft 84.Shaft 84 is carried in a bearing 8,5 (Fig. 5) and drives the femalemember of a key and slot connection 86. The male member of 86 is securedto a gear 81 which is just in back of gear, 83 as viewed in Fig. 4 (seealsoFig. 8). 81 in turn drives a large spur gear 88 which through idlers89 and 90 (see Figs. 4 and 8) drives a shaft 99a. Shaft 90a extendsthrough the cover` 9| to drive the knob and pointer 92. Knob and pointer92 (see Fig. l) cooperate with the index wheel 93 and each energizationof line space magnet 65 will rotate the pointer one unit over the indexwheel. Index wheel 93 is freely rotatable on shaft 90a and is held inposition by a detent 94. The

handle 95V is fixed to the index wheel to provide Provision is made formoving the film across the path of light from lens 45 to provide forcharacter spacing upon each exposure. In a manner which will be laterexplained, each character to be recorded is depicted on the iluorescentscreen of the cathode ray tube 40. A suitable light tight tube |0| isinterposed between the cathode ray tube 40 and the lens 45 as shown inFig. 2. Referring now to Figs. 4 and 6, the gate structure 58 isprovided with a slot |02. The lens structure 45 when the gate is in theposition shown in Fig. 4 projects the image of a character on the screen|00 at the mid-point of this slot marked with a small center line inFig. 6. Provision is made for moving the gate structure 58 horizontallyas viewed in Fig. 4 so that the projected image may occupy any one of aplurality of positions on the portion of film under the slot |02. Thegate 58 is slidably mounted on rods |03. A connecting shaft |04 isfastened to gate 58 and passes through the plate 49. 'Ihe shaft |04 isprovided with a pin which cooperates with a forked member |06 (see Figs.4 and 5). The forked member |06 is secured to another shaft |01 which ismounted in bearings |08 also secured to plate 49. The shaft |01 isprovided with the usual key and slot connection |09, ||0 and a furthershaft |0`|a extends through the casing 41h to the outside. Referring nowto Fig. 1, shaft |01a has secured thereto a slotted member This membercooperates with another member |||a. |||`a is provided with pins ||2which are movable in a slot II3 of member A spring ||4 holds and |||a insuch a manner that the entire structure tends to elongate. ||'|a ispinned at ||5 to an escapement rack H6. The rack ||6 is provided with aslot ||1 which cooperates with studs ||8 in a supporting bracket ||9. Itwill be noted that the rack |6 ls marked 0, 5, 10, etc., up to 60 andthese markings cooperate with a pointer |20. This is to provide meansfor indicating the portion of film that a character is being recordedon. An escapement structure generally designated 42 cooperates with therack ||6 and each actuation of the escapement in a manner to bedescribed permits movement of the rack` |'|6 to the right as viewed inFig. l. Restoration of the rack ||6 is provided by means of a clutchgenerally designated |2| and a motor |22. The clutch structure isconnected to the rack I5 by means of a flexible steel ribbon |23. Uponoperation of the clutch and motor mechanism as will be describedpresently, the rack ||6 is moved to the left as viewed in Fig. l to sucha position that the 0 on the index cooperates with the pointer |20.Another ribbon |24 is connected to a take-up spring and pulley |25 whichtends to move the rack ||6 to the right and permits the escapement tofunction in the customarymanner. A small stop |26 contacts the pointerat the extreme left-hand position of travel of the rack. Another stop|21 cooperates with the carriage rack contacts |28 (see also Fig. la) atthe time the 0 reaches the pointer |20. Engagement of the stop |21 withthe insulated portion |29 of contacts |28 opens such contacts and aswill belater explained declutches the carriage return mechanism.

To summarize the operation, the carriage return mechanism will swing thelever structure |||a clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1. This in turn by theshafts |01a, |01 and fork |06 moves the gate structure to the right asviewed in Fig. 4. Accordingly, the first character depicted on thecathode ray screen |00 will fall on the lefthand portion of the fllmunder slot |02. Each movement of the rack ||`8 to the right willaccordingly provide a counterclockwise rotation of shaft |01a as viewedin Fig. l and a clockwise rotation of shaft |01' as viewedin Fig.: 4.'Accordingly. the gatestructure will'move to the left in Fig. 4 and eachsucceeding character will be at the right of the one preceding it.

Operation of the escapement mechanism 'Ihe escapement mechanism 42(Fig. 1) is provided with an escapement pawl |30 and an escapement dog|3|. The escapement pawl |30 is pivoted at |32 and the pawl |3| isfreely mounted on a shaft |33 in the usual manner. That is, the pawl |3has a hole surrounding the shaft |33 which is considerably larger thanthe shaft itself. A rocker arm |34 is likewise pivoted on the shaft |33and fastened securely thereto. A pin |35 in rocker arm |34 cooperateswith a slot |36 in the dog |3| and a further pin |31 cooperates with aslot in the left-hand extremity of pawl |30. Accordingly, upon aclockwise rotation of shaft |33, as viewed in Fig. l, the pawl |30 ismoved downwardly under control of pin |31 to engage one of the teeth inrack ||0. The dog |3| is moved upwardly under control of pin |36. Underaction of spring |38, the escapement of |3| is then permitted to move tothe left. Accordingly, when the shaft |33 is returned to its originalposition, the dog |3| is in position 'w engage the next tooth of therack ||6 and the removal of pawl |30 permits the rack to move oneposition to the right.

In order to rock the shaft |33, an escapement maget |39 (see Fig. 2a) isprovided. Secured to the shaft |33 is an armature structure |40 (seealso Fig. 2). Energization of magnet |39 will move the structure |40 androck the shaft |33. A spring |4| is provided for restoration of armature|40 upon de-energization of the magnet |39. Accordingly, eachenergization of magnet |39 provides for a single letter space of thefilm in the camera unit.

Carriage return mechanism The return movement of the escapement (Figs. 1and 3) is effected by devices comprising a flexible band |23, a drum |44upon which it is wound and a clutch |2| for rotating the drum. The drum|44 is shown in Fig. 3a and is mounted upon the motor shaft |43, but isnormally free to turn thereon. To connect the drum |44 with the motorshaft when necessary a clutch plate |45 is mounted to slide upon theshaft |43 but is splined thereto so that it must turn with the shaft.This clutch plate when pressed to the left engages the fiat web of thedrum so that the clutch plate and the drum are held togetherfrictionally, and the drum is thus forced to turn with the shaft.

The axial movement of the clutch plate is pro duced by the tworelatively movable disks |48 and |41, which embrace and ride looselyupon the hub of the clutch plate. A thrust plate |48 is xed to the outerend of the motor shaft by means of nuts |49, and ball thrust bearingsare interposed between the disks |46 and |41, and the plates |45 and |48respectively. A forked lever |50 has inwardly directed extremities |5|(see also Fig. 1) and is guided upon a stud |50a. In Fig. 3a, the clutchlever |50 is vertical, and there is no end thrust between the clutchmembers. If, however, the lever be rocked from its vertical position,its extremities |5| act to pry the disks |46 and |41 away from eachother, and pressure is thus transmitted through one of the ball bearingsto the clutch plate, while the re- `gagement with the disk |64.

action of this pressure is taken by the other ball bearings supported bythe thrust plate |48.

The clutch lever is moved by means of a toggle comprising a lever |56which is fastened on a sleeve |51a. Also fastened to the sleeve |51a isa further lever 56a (see also Fig. 3). The sleeve |51a is mounted on astud |51 in the plate |14 which is secured to the plate 38 of therecording unit. A link |58 connects one end of the toggle lever |56 withan adjustable stud |59 in the lower end of the clutch lever. The toggleis normally heldin the broken position of Figs. 3a and 3, being held inthat position by a spring |60 attached to the clutch lever. The oppositeend of the toggle lever is connected, however, to the link |6| of thesolenoid |62. Consequently, when the solenoid |62 is energized undercontrol of the carriage return key, the toggle lever is swung on itspivot so as to straighten the toggle. 'I'his positions the clutch leverinto position to actuate the clutch as above described. With the drum|44 connected as described to the motor shaft |43 the exible band |23winds up on the drum and the escapement rack ||6 (Fig. 1) is returned toa starting position.

Key release commutator structure In Figs. 3 and 3a, a commutator |63 issecured to the friction plate |64. Cooperating with the plate |64 is acorresponding friction plate |65 which is fastened to the hub |66 andkeyed to the shaft |43 as shown in Fig. 3a. The structure |63, |64 isspring pressed against the plate |65 by a compression spring |61 held inplace by the collar |68 which is secured to shaft |43 (see Fig. 3). Thedisk |64 is restrained from rotary movement by the latch |10 (see Fig.2) of the armature |1|. The disk |64 is provided with a small extensionto cooperate with |10.

The armature |1| is pivoted on the shaft |12 and upon energization ofthe commutator clutch magnet |13 the latch |10 is rocked out of en-Accordingly, the commutator |63 rotates, and near the end of itsrevolution, the conducting portion |15 thereon is spanned by the brushes|16, |11. Further details of the circuit controlled by the commutatorwill be explained with reference to the circuit diagram.

The method of loading the camera will now be described. The door 43 isopened and a roll of unexposed film 24 (see Figs. 3, 5 and 4) is placedon the stud 54 and secured thereto byspring` clip 55. The lm is then fedbetween rod 56a and sprocket 51. The sprocket drive is actuated manuallyby turning knob and pointer 92. The lm is then guided between rod 56hand sprocket 51. A large loop is formed as shown and the 4lrn is theninserted into the gate 58 and accordingly passes over sprocket 1I. Thefilm is then formed into another loop and passed under rods 59a, 59h andover sprocket 60. 'Ihe lm is secured to the take-up spool 6| on shaft62a in the usual manner. The door 43 is then closed and secured by thumbscrews 44.

Associated with the supply roll 24 (Fig. 2) is a lever 350 whichmaintains contacts 35011r closed until the end of a film roll isreached. Contacts 350e when open prevent continuation of machineoperations and extinguish a visible signal light.

At this point in the description and before describing the mechanicaldetails of-the pattern component emitters, it may be helpful to brieflyexplain some of the characteristics of a cathode ray tube. A typical andsuitable cathode ray `an apertured diaphragm 2|1 tube is illustrateddiagrammaticallyA on the circuit diagram (Fig. 19e). Such a tubecomprises an evacuated body into which extends a heater element 200.Associated with the heater elen. nt is a cathode 20| providing a sourceof electrons. Also within the evacuated body and disposed in order fromleft to right are a grid 202, an anode number l designated 203, an anodenumber 2" designated 204 and two pairs of deiiector plates. The upperand lower vertical deflecting plates are respectively designated YU andYL and the horizontal denecting plates are designated XL and XR,signifying left and right horizontal deection. The right-hand end of thecathode ray tube also comprises a fluorescent screened end- |00. The Ydeector plates are placed above and below the center axis of the tube.The X delector plates are disposed to the right and left of the centeraxis of the tube.

In the operation of the cathode ray tube with no potential applied toeither set of plates, the stream of electrons will be emitted along thecentral axis of the tube and impinge on the fluorescent screen |00 atthe center of the screen. This will illuminate a spot at the center ofthe tube. vIf, however, the potential on the horizontal and verticaldeflecting plates is changed, the stream of electrons can be deflectedeither upwardly or downwardly or to the right or to the left or incombined resultant directions. Changing relative positive potential onthe Y set of plates will bring the stream of electrons up or down andsimilarly changing the relative potential on the X plates will divertthe stream of electrons alternatively to the'right or left. By providingproper potential and proper changing potential over a period of time onboth sets of plates any desired figure or character can be traced on thefluorescent screen |00. By repeatedly tracing a beam of electrons to theproper points of areas of the screen, an image may be produced which canbe either visibly read or photographed. Cathode ray tubes are adapted tooperate and deflect electron beams at extremely high frequency. They maybe termed an inertia free image tracing device.

Having generally described the characteristics of a cathode ray tube,there will now be described one manner of providing the deflectingvoltages which control the movement of the tracing elec'- tron beam ofthe various tubes.

Referring to Fig. 12, reference character 2| 0 designates a box orhousing which affords a housing for the pattern component emitterassembly. This assembly comprises a driving motor 2|| which by anysuitable drive such as by the belt and pulley arrangement shown, isadapted to constantly rotate shafts such as 2|2. Fixed at intervalsalong these shafts 2|2 are a series of pattern disks, one of which isdesignated 2|3 in Fig. 13. For the machine herein shown sixtysix of suchdisks 2|3 are provided. Each disk 2|3 is generally opaque, but isprovided with two transparent tracks, one of which is designated 2|3Xand the other of which is designated 2| 3Y (Fig. 14). For each disk 2| 3there is provided two sources of light. Each source of light preferablycomprises a lamp 2|4 .within a lamp box 2 I5 together with a suitableset of lenses 2|6 and which is provided to direct and concentrate thelight on and through the transparent tracks of the disk 2|3. As shown inFig. l2, it will be noted that there are two light sources, etc., foreach disk. One light source directs light to and through the 2|3X trackand the other light source directs light through the 2|3Y track. 0n theopposite side of each disk are two photo-cells which are respectivelydesignated 2| 8X and 2|8Y.

Also driven by the shafts 2|2 are a number of commutator disks generallydesignated 3M in Figs. 12 and 15. One such commutator is provided foreach pattern component emitter disk. Bearing on each commutator disk 3|!are a pair of brushes 3|4a and when a conducting portion on thecommutator comes under this pair of brushes a circuit is establishedfrom brush to brush as shown in Fig. 15a. The purpose of thesecommutators will be described subsequently.

If the width of one of the tracks 2|3X is varied at different angularpositions around disk 2|3, different amounts of illumination may beallowed to pass to the photo-cell 2|3X upon rotation of the disk. Thiswill vary the output of the circuit controlled by the particularphoto-cell. The photo-cells act to allow more or less current to flow intheir related circuits depending upon the amount of light which theyreceive.

Referring to Figs. 16 and 1'1, on Fig. 16 the outlines of the charactert have been laid out. As shown, the character t has been divided up intoa set of sections of equal length, this particular character beingnumbered from 1 to 30 inclusive. Referring to Fig. 16, it will be notedthat in order to trace the electron beam for the horizontal part of thecharacter, the Y component voltage should be maintained constant whilepoints 1 to 9 are traced. If the disk of Fig. 17 be examined and the2|3Y track be traced from 1 to 9, it will be noted that the transparenttrack has a constant width for all points from 1 to 9. Thereafter thetracing beam should be caused to ascend and move to the left to registerpoint 10. To cause ascending of the beam, there is an abrupt increase inthe width of the Y track from point 9 to point 10. Referring now to the2|3X track, the X component at point 1 is 0 but from this point to point9, the X track gradually increases in Width as indicated on the disk.From point 9 to point l0 the X track abruptly diminishes in Width to putthe beam back to the central part of the character.

To determine the width of say the Y slot at any point such as 8, the Yordinate distance between the O line of Fig. 16 to the point 8 ismeasured. This distance is then multiplied by a constant and theresulting amount will give the width of the Y slot at .the 8 point ofthe disk. The constant which is used is the ratio of the maximum widthof the Y slot at say the point 10 with reference to the maximum distancebetween the X axis and the point 10, which is the maximum Y ordinate.The maximum width of a slot in an arbitrary value dependent upon thecircuit relations and characteristics of the photocell tubes which areused.

Figs. 18a through 18h inclusive, show the coniigurations of the tracksfor the disks which are utilized for the related character and digitcharacteristics. The various disks of Figs. 18a, 18h, etc., constitutepattern component emitters and if these disks are maintained in a stateof rotation, it will be appreciated that they will progressively varythe X component voltages and the Y component voltages which are appliedto the deflection plates of the cathode ray tubes. It will be understoodthat two photo-cells are provided for each digit whose image is to betraced.

The foregoing description has described in detail the manner of layingout the disks for a particular character, i. e. t All characters ordigits may be laid out in a similar manner, the configuration of thetracks on each disk depending solely on the configuration of theparticular character or digit to be reproduced. A few examples of disksfor different characters are shown in Figs. 18a to 18h inclusive, whichshow disks for B, b E, e and the numerals 1, 4 and 5.

Suitable amplifier circuits, preferably including electron dischargedevices, may be employed under control of the photo-cells 2 IBX, 2|8Y,etc., to produce variations in potential across the deflection plates ofthe cathode ray tube 40 in accordance with variations of light impressedon the photo-cells as will be understood by those familiar with the art.

A simple and convenient amplifier circuit for this purpose isillustrated in the drawing (Fig. 19a).

The photo-cell 2|8X, which is utilized to con@ trol the horizontaldeflection of the cathode ray beam in the cathode ray tube 40, forsetting up the character 1 may be used in describing a typical ampliercircuit. The photo-cell 2|8X is connected in series with a battery 220and a resistor 22|, and with varying illumination of the photo-cell thedifference of potential across the resistor will vary in accordance withthe varying illumination of the photo-cell. The grid cathode circuit ofa vacuum tube 222 conveniently biased negative at all times by thebattery 223, includes a portion of the resistor 22 I, preliminarilyadjust.. able by a contact 224 on the resistor. The plate cathodecircuit of the tube 222 includes a B battery or other source of directcurrent 225 and a resistor 226 in series therewith intermediate thepositive side of the battery 225 and the plate offthe tube 222. Forimpressing a proper voltage across the horizontal defiecting plates XLand XR of the cathode ray tube 40, which are connected to the terminals221 and 228 of the amplifier unit, a biasing network is convenientlyprovided, including a resistor 229 connected across a source of voltagepreferably comprising the series connected batteries 230 and 23|. Theconductor intermediate the batteries 230 and 23| is also connected to apreliminarily adjustable contact 232 on the resistor 226 and theterminals 221 and 228 are respectively connected to a preliminarilyadjustable contact 233 on the resistor 229 and to the positive side ofthe battery 225 (i. e. the positive end of the resistor 226). r

It will now be seen that if the photo-cell 2|8X receives no illuminationor a predetermined minimum illumination, the grid of the tube 222 wi1lhave a predetermined maximum negative bias. The contact arms 224, 232and 233 are conveniently so adjusted (in a manner which will be readilyunderstood by those familiar with the art) that for this 0 orpredetermined minimum illumination of the cell 2|8X the resultingmaximum negative bias on the grid of the tube 222 will be such that theoutput voltage between the terminals 221 and 228 will maintain theelectron beam at one side of its horizontal path of travel, viz. theleft-hand side in the apparatus illustrated. That is, although thecontact arm 232 is negative with respect to the positive side of thebattery 225, the biasing network including the resistor 229 imposessufcient opposing voltage in the circuit of the deflector plates XL, XR,as to make the terminal 221 just suiiiciently positive with respect tothe terminal 228 to maintain the

